Periodic Table

Graphic Puzzle

"Guess the Element"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mendeleev our Man!

His version of the Periodic Table

Features of the Periodic Table

• arrangement of elements 

• horizontal rows - periods

• vertical columns - group

• distribution of metals and non-metals

Periodic Trends

• from left to right

• proton number

• valency electrons

• metal to non-metal

• electrical conductivity

• basic to acidic oxides

various 'blocks'

question

Two elements, Y and Z are in the same Period. Element Y is a non-metal. Which statement must be true for element Z?

A    It is a metal
B     It forms a basic oxide
C    It is in a different Group
D    It is a non-metal

question

The first Period consists of two elements. How many elements does the second Period consists of?

A    2
B    8
C    10
D    18

Group Features

• down a group
• same number valency electrons
• valency electrons and Group Number
• same number of chemical bonds
• ions with the same charge
• similar chemical and physical properties
• compounds with similar formulae
• gradual change in the properties down Group I and VII

question

Boron and aluminium are both in Group III of the Periodic Table. Which statement is true for these two elements?

A    Both elements are metals.
B    Both elements contain 3 electrons in their outermost shells.
C    Both elements form acidic oxides.
D    Both elements have the same proton number.

question

Element X forms compounds with the following chemical formulae:

MgX, H₂X, CX₂, Li₂X

In which group of the Periodic Table would element X be placed?

A    Group II
B    Group IV
C    Group V
D    Group VI

Elements - These You Must Know! 

Group I (Alkali Metals)

some visuals

Lithium	Rubidium
Sodium	Caesium
Potassium	Francium

brief intro...

• 1 valence electron

• ions carry +1 charge

• soft metals

• electrical conductors

• low densities

• low melting points

• react vigorously with cold water - alkaline solution and hydrogen gas as products

a look at this experiment

observations :

• melts

• burn with a yellow flame

• explosion

• floats

• universal indicator turns blue/ purple

• knowledge of equation is needed

  • 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l)  -->  2NaOH(aq)  +  H₂(g)

changes down the group

• melting points decrease

• reactivity of elements increases, i.e. more vigorous reaction with water

predicting properties of other Group I elements

• known properties of lithium, sodium and potassium

• changes down group

   

  e.g. :  how would Rubidium react with cold water?

  since sodium reacts with water as,   2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  -->                               2NaOH(aq)  +  H2(g) rubidium will react similarly, i.e. 2Rb(s) + 2H2O(l)  -->                                2RbOH(aq)  +  H2(g)   BUT, there is a trend down the group, elements become more reactive...   Thus the reaction of rubidium with cold water will be very explosive.

   

question

Silver (Aq) resembles Group I elements in some properties. Which property of silver is not typical of Group I?

A    Silver atoms have one outermost shell electron.
B    Silver forms a chloride with formula AgCl.
C    Silver conducts electricity.
D    Silver is resistant to corrosion by steam.

question

The elements in Group I of the Periodic Table

A    are typical metals.
B    combine with oxygen to form covalent oxides.
C    form oxides which dissolve in water to form weak acids.
D    lose electrons to form cations.

Group VII (Halogens)

some visuals

Fluorine	Iodine
Chlorine	Astatine
Bromine

brief intro...

• seven valence electrons

• ions carry a -1 charge

• non-metals with low melting and boiling points

• diatomic molecules

changes down the group

• melting and boiling points increase

• change from gas to solid

• become darker in colour

• less reactive - 'displacement power'

look at this experiment

observations :

• colourless solution turns brown

• black solid is produced if excess chlorine is used

predicting properties of other Group VII elements

• known properties of chlorine, bromine and iodine

• changes down group

e.g. : Predict the physical state and colour of fluorine, above chlorine in Group VII

up the Group means that elements are lighter, therefore lower melting and boiling points since chlorine is already a gas, fluorine with a lower melting and boiling point would be a gas also chlorine is pale green, fluorine would be lighter - colourless maybe fluorine will be more reactive and should displace chlorine from aqueous sodium chloride F2  +  2NaCl -->  2NaF  +  Cl2

question

Fluorine is a halogen. Ar for fluorine is 19. Some properties of other halogens are given below.

Which statement about fluorine is likely to be correct?

A    The Mr of fluorine is 38.
B    Its vapour is black in colour.
C    Its hydride has the formula FH₇.
D    Its melting point in about 200 °C.

question

Astatine is the element at the bottom of Group VII. Which statement will not be true for astatine?

A    Astatine exists as diatomic molecules.
B    Astatine forms negative ions.
C    Astatine is a gas.
D    Astatine is less reactive than iodine.

question

In which arrangement of the symbols of four halogens is there an increase in reactivity from the least to the most reactive halogen?

A    Br, I, Cl, F
B    Cl, F, Br, I
C    I, Br, Cl, F
D    I, Br, F, Cl

Group O (Noble Gases)

some visuals

Helium	Krypton
Neon	Xenon
Argon	Radon

• unreactive gases

• monatomic gases

• fill air-balloons(Helium) - low density

• fill light bulbs(Argon) - unreactive and so protects the filament from oxidation

question

Which one of these uses of noble gas does not depend mainly on the unreactive nature of the gas?

A    Argon used in welding
B    Helium for filling balloons
C    Krypton for electronic valves
D    Xenon for electronic flash guns

Transition Elements

some visuals

Chromium	Copper
Manganese	Vanadium
Iron

• high densities

• high melting points

• coloured compounds 

• ions are coloured in water

• variable valencies 

• good catalysts 

  - Iron in Haber Process
  - Manganese (IV) oxide in the decomposition of H₂O₂

question

Transition elements often form coloured compounds and have variable valencies. Which of these transition elements is an exception?

A    copper
B    iron
C    manganese
D    zinc

question

Which of these statements about transition elements is true?

A    All transition elements form gaseous compounds.
B    Transition elements have more than one oxide.
C    Often transition elements are coloured.
D    Transition elements have low densities.

Extra Notes

(taken from 'LETTS GCSE Revision Notes - Chemistry')